一种低RCS无人飞行器外形的气动特性实验研究

根据气动布局的基本原理,结合低RCS要求,设计了一种鸭式布局、带边条的翼身融合无人飞行器外形,实验结果表明,该外形不仅具有低RCS特征,而且具有良好的气动特性,升阻比达到8左右。     

基于星光大气折射的卫星自主轨道确定

本文研究了利用星敏感器进行卫星轨道确定的自主导航方案。这种自主导航方案完全利用高精度的CCD星敏感器，以及大气对星光折射的数学模型及误差补偿方法，精确敏感地平，从而实现航天器的精确定位。以某太阳同步轨道卫星为背景，针对本文给出的星光折射光的卫星导航方案，结合推广的卡尔曼滤波算法，使用模拟数据进行了仿真研究，定位精度为38m。仿真结果说明，星光折射角的测量误差和大气折射模型的不确定性是影响导航精度的主要因素。     

FRP固体火箭发动机壳体的非线性FW线型分析

对纤维增强复合材料（FRP）固体火箭发动机壳体的纤维缠绕（FW）线型进行了简要地分析。鉴于封头曲面上FW线型稳定性对于线型参数变化十分敏感，分析封头FW线型时，本文仍从测地线方面来考虑。依此，两赤道圆处FW角必须以左右封头几何尺寸及测地线FW条件来确定。在对筒身段非测地线FW可行性讨论中，提出了筒身段实现非测地线FW的条件，同时推导出了筒身段非测定地线FW运动控制的一般数学模型。     

空间站大型伸展机构的运动稳定性分析

从空间站大型伸展机构的运动特点和系统动力学方程出发，着重分析了该系统的稳定性判据。这一问题又可分为五个方面：姿态-伸展-振动耦合系统的分析方法，复杂大系统的分解集结方法，时滞系统和滞后系统的稳定性问题，Stick-Ship运动对系统对系统稳定性的影响，非线性非定常系数稳定性的一般解。其中还对接触、摩擦、碰撞问题，变拓扑系统，非光滑动力学系统等进行了专门的研究，分析了Lyapunov指数方法在这些特殊系统中的适应性。本文对空间站大型伸展机构的稳定性问题进行了较全面的分析，指出了目前在处理这类复杂大系统时存在的一些难点问题，为其设计和研制工作提出了理论基础。     

降低NEPE推进剂燃速的途径探讨

通过对NEPE推进剂燃烧表面的热平衡分析，指出了影响推进剂燃速的3个因素：“嘶嘶”区（fizz）的温度梯度、凝聚相反应热和燃面温度，提高了降低NEPE推进剂燃速的可能途径，研究了某些燃速降速剂的作用及其对推进剂能量的影响。用实验证明了降低燃速几个途径的可行性。     

RDX/AP/HTPB推进剂热分解特性研究

利用高压差示扫描量热仪（PDSC）研究了RDX／AP／HTPB推进剂系列配方的热分解性能，发现配方组分的改变对RDX／AP／HTPB推进剂的热分解性能有影响，突出表现在RDX／AP／HTPB推进剂中RDX分解峰变宽，AP放热分解效应增强。推进剂中添加Al粉后，RDX的分解受到抑制，而AP的分解却得到增强。     

Planetary Missions of the 20th Century*

Among of the highlights of the 20^th century were flights of spacecraft to other bodies of the Solar System. This paper describes briefly the missions attempted, their goals, and fate. Information is presented in five tables on the missions launched, their goals, mission designations, dates, discoveries when successful, and what happened if they failed. More detailed explanations are given in the accompanying text. It is shown how this enterprise developed and evolved step by step from a politically driven competition to intense scientific investigations and international cooperation. Initially, only the USA and USSR sent missions to the Moon and planets. Europe and Japan joined later. The USSR carried out significant research in Solar System exploration until the end of the 1980s. The Russian Federation no longer supports robotic planetary exploration for economic reasons, and it remains to be seen whether the invaluable Russian experience in planetary space flight will be lost. Collaboration between Russian and other national space agencies may be a solution.     

星光折射航天器自主定轨方案比较

当星光透射大气发生折射时 ,用星光折射角精确地反映星光在大气中离地球表面的高度 ,并建立高度、航天器与地球的几何关系。通过对折射角进行观测 ,间接测得地平 ,从而改善了用地平仪直接测地平所造成的航天器自主导航精度低的不足。本文提出了几种利用星光折射的航天器自主定轨方案 ,并作了细致的仿真实验 ,对直接和间接两种测量地平方法以及几种星光折射自主定轨方案进行了分析比较。     

Remote sensing of planetary properties and biosignatures on extrasolar terrestrial planets

The major goals of NASA's Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) and the European Space Agency's Darwin missions are to detect terrestrial-sized extrasolar planets directly and to seek spectroscopic evidence of habitable conditions and life. Here we recommend wavelength ranges and spectral features for these missions. We assess known spectroscopic molecular band features of Earth, Venus, and Mars in the context of putative extrasolar analogs. The preferred wavelength ranges are 7-25 microns in the mid-IR and 0.5 to approximately 1.1 microns in the visible to near-IR. Detection of O2 or its photolytic product O3 merits highest priority. Liquid H2O is not a bioindicator, but it is considered essential to life. Substantial CO2 indicates an atmosphere and oxidation state typical of a terrestrial planet. Abundant CH4 might require a biological source, yet abundant CH4 also can arise from a crust and upper mantle more reduced than that of Earth. The range of characteristics of extrasolar rocky planets might far exceed that of the Solar System. Planetary size and mass are very important indicators of habitability and can be estimated in the mid-IR and potentially also in the visible to near-IR. Additional spectroscopic features merit study, for example, features created by other biosignature compounds in the atmosphere or on the surface and features due to Rayleigh scattering. In summary, we find that both the mid-IR and the visible to near-IR wavelength ranges offer valuable information regarding biosignatures and planetary properties; therefore both merit serious scientific consideration for TPF and Darwin.     

含铝复合推进剂燃烧场凝相微粒分布实验研究

应用激光全息光学诊断方法对含铝复合推进剂的燃烧场凝相微粒分布进行了测量。实验结果得出了复合推进剂燃烧场凝相微粒分布曲线和图像，并对数字图像处理算法进行了研究。